BLOOM REPORT # 24

Winterthur Museum, Gardens & Library

WINTERTHUR BLOOM REPORT #24

 September 23, 2020

73F, sunny

+: Abundant

fbb: Flower-bud breaking

b: Some bloom

fb: Full Bloom

pf: Petals falling/drying

pb: Past bloom (few remain)

ber: Berries, fruits

Check these out:                                                     

• The show is at its best: The autumn crocus ( – lavender-pink with white center and Colchicum ‘Giant’ – lavender-pink) is blooming on the east side of Oak Hill.  Look in the lawn between the hardy orange trees & the native azalea bushes, or get a great view from the bench adjacent to the Quarry Garden.
• Fairy candles: Experience the magic of the fuzzy white spikes of fairy candles/fairy wands (Actaea acerina), also called bugbane, in Azalea Woods in the triangle along the east-west path nearest the 1850 House and along the serpent pathway in Enchanted Woods.
• Gorgeous goldenrod: Walk the mowed pathways through the meadows to be immersed in goldenrod (Solidago species) flowers or stop on a hillside for a breathtaking view of gold.

ENTRANCE DRIVE AND PARKING AREA

pf         Abelia x grandiflora (Glossy abelia – soft pink)

fb         Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

ber       Asclepias syriaca (Common milkweed – green, prickly ‘teardrops’)

ber       Catalpa species (Catalpa – long, green, string-bean-like seed pods)

fb         Heptacodium miconoides (Seven-sons tree – white)

pb        Hydrangea paniculata ‘Grandiflora’ (Pee Gee hydrangea – pink to tan)

pf         Liriope muscari (Blue lily-turf – lavender)

ber       Paulownia tomentosa (Princess tree – clusters of round yellow-green seed pods)

ber       Physalis species (Ground cherry – green to tan ‘lantern’ seed pod – at far edge of parking lot near cherry trees)

fb         Solidago caesia (Blue-stemmed plume goldenrod – yellow)

fb         Solidago juncea (Early goldenrod – yellow)

b          Symphiotrichum ericoides (Aster ericoides/Heath aster – white)

LAGOONS

fb         Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

b          Chelone glabra (Turtlehead – white)

pb        Cicorium intybus (Chicory – blue)

pb        Cirsium muticum (Swamp thistle – reddish purple)

fb         Convolvulus species (Morning-glory vine – white, pink)

pb        Coronilla varia (Crown vetch – lavender-pink)

pb        Daucus carota (Queen Anne’s lace – white)

pf         Desmodium species (Tick trefoil – dark pink)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white – along Clenny Run)

pf         Galium mollugo (Wild madder – white ‘clouds’ of tiny flowers)

fb,+     Impatiens capensis (Jewel weed – orange)

fb         Lobelia siphilitica (Great lobelia – blue)

ber       Maclura pomifera (Osage orange – ‘pebbly’ softball-sized green fruits – along Clenny Run)

pf         Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose – yellow)

b          Oxalis species (Wood sorrel – yellow)

ber       Phytolacca americana (Pokeweed – green berries turning purple on red stems)

fb         Polygonum hydropiperoides (Mild water-pepper – tiny white flowers)

fb,+     Solidago caesia (Blue-stemmed plume goldenrod – yellow)

pb        Solidago graminifolia (Lance-leaved goldenrod – yellow)

fb,+     Solidago juncea (Early goldenrod – yellow)

b          Symphiotrichum ericoides (Aster ericoides/Heath aster – white)

b          Symphiotrichum lateriflorum (Aster lateriflorus/Calico aster – white)

fb,+     Symphiotrichum novae-angliae (Aster novae-angliae/New England aster – purple)

b          Symphiotrichum species (Aster – pale lavender-blue)

pb        Trifolium pratense (Red clover – reddish-purple)

pb        Vicia cracca (Cow vetch – purple)

SUMMER SHRUB SLOPE

pf         Buddleia davidii (Butterfly bush – white)

fb         Hibiscus syriacus (Rose of Sharon – rosy purple)

pf         Hydrangea paniculata ‘Grandiflora’ (Pee Gee hydrangea – white/off-white turning pinkish-tan)

pf         Lagerstroemia ‘Biloxi’ (Crape myrtle variety – dark pink)

pb        Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste-tree – blue, pale pink, white)

PARKING AREA TO VISITOR CENTER

b          Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

pb        Lobelia siphilitica (Great blue lobelia – blue)

fb         Prenanthes species (Rattlesnake-root – greenish bell-like flowers)

b          Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Aster cordifolius/Blue wood aster – pale blue)

fb         Tovara virginiana (Virginia knotweed – tiny greenish-white flowers along wiry stems)

WALK FROM VISITOR CENTER TO UNDERPASS

b          Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

pf         Hosta lancifolia (Narrow leaf hosta – lavender)

pb        Hosta ‘Royal Standard’ (Royal standard hosta – white)

b          Impatiens capensis (Jewel weed – orange)

WALK FROM UNDERPASS TO MUSHROOM

b          Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

pb        Hosta ‘Royal Standard’ (Royal standard hosta – white)

SLOPE DOWN TOWARDS MUSEUM-N/A

PEONY GARDEN-N/A

AZALEA WOODS

fb,+     Actaea acerina (Bugbane/fairy candles – white)

b          Colchicum species (Autumn crocus – lavender-pink – 1 flower, 1 bud)

fb         Collinsonia canadensis (Horse balm – small yellow flowers)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

pf         Gentiana clausa (Closed gentian – dark blue)

pb        Hosta ‘Royal Standard’ (Royal standard hosta – white)

pf         Lobelia siphilitica (Great lobelia – blue)

pb        Phlox paniculata (Garden phlox – pink)

ber       Smilacina racemosa (Maianthemum recemosum/False Solomon’s seal – bright red berries)

b          Solidago flexicaulis (Zig zag goldenrod – yellow)

fb         Tovara virginiana (Virginia knotweed – tiny greenish-white flowers along wiry stems)

LOWER AZALEA WOODS

fbb       Actaea acerina (Bugbane/fairy candles – white)

fb         Ceratostigma plumbaginoides (Plumbago – intense blue)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

pb        Rhododndron mucronatum ‘Magnifica’ ( Magnifica azalea – white with strawberry speckles – 3 flowers)

b          Solidago flexicaulis (Zig zag goldenrod – yellow)

UPPER/EAST TERRACE AND STEPS

pf         Abelia x grandiflora (Glossy abelia – soft pink)

pf         Hosta ‘Royal Standard’ (Royal standard hosta – white)

pf,+     Liriope muscari (Blue lily-turf – lavender)

ber       Magnolia grandiflora (Southern magnolia – pinkish to red fuzzy cones)

EAST FRONT OF MUSEUM & Around Corner

fb         Abelia x grandiflora (Glossy abelia – soft pink)

fb         Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white – behind Bath House)

ber       Callicarpa dichotoma (Purple beautyberry – purple berries)

ber       Callicarpa japonica (Japanese beautyberry – purple berries)

pf         Hosta lancifolia (Narrow leaf hosta – lavender – behind Bath House)

pb        Lagerstroemia x ‘Sioux’ (Crape myrtle – dark pink)

ber       Magnolia grandiflora (Southern magnolia – pinkish fuzzy cones with bright red berries)

b          Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Aster cordifolius/Blue wood aster – blue – behind Bath House)

WALK FROM GLASS CORRIDOR TO REFLECTING POOL

pf         Abelia x grandiflora (Glossy abelia – soft pink)

fb         Begonia grandis (Hardy begonia – pink)

pb        Clematis ‘Candida’ (Large-flowered clematis – white)

pb        Hosta ‘Royal Standard’ (Royal standard hosta – white)

pf         Hydrangea paniculata ‘Tardiva’ (Panicle hydrangea cultivar – white)

pb        Hydrangea serrata ‘Shirofugi’ (Tea of Heaven hydrangea cultivar – white)

fb,+     Liriope muscari (Blue lily-turf – lavender)

fb         Nymphaea species (Waterlily – pink, white)

fb         Pontederia cordata (Pickerelweed – blue)

fb         Solidago caesia (Blue-stemmed plume goldenrod – yellow)

ber       Viburnum dilatatum (Linden viburnum – red berries)

WALK FROM FISH PONDS – THE GLADE – TO BRIDGE

fb         Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

fb         Collinsonia canadensis (Horse balm – small yellow flowers)

pb        Egeria densa (Elodea – white – in upper koi pond)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

pf         Heuchera villosa (Hairy alum root – creamy white)

pb        Hosta ‘Royal Standard’ (Royal standard hosta – white)

pb        Hydrangea arborescens (Smooth hydrangea – green)

pb        Hydrangea arborescens ‘Grandiflora’ (Hills of Snow hydrangea – green)

fb         Lobelia siphilitica (Great lobelia – blue, white)

pf         Phlox paniculata (Garden phlox – pink, white)

ber       Smilacina racemosa (Maianthemum recemosum/False Solomon’s seal – bright red berries)

fb         Solidago flexicaulis (Zig zag goldenrod – yellow)

b          Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Aster cordifolius/Blue wood aster – blue)

fb         Tovara virginiana (Virginia knotweed – tiny greenish-white flowers along wiry stems)

b          Tricyrtis variety (Toad-lily – white with purple speckles)

MARCH BANK

fb         Collinsonia canadensis (Horse balm – small yellow flowers)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

pb        Hosta ‘Royal Standard’ (Royal standard hosta – white)

fbb       Kirengeshoma palmata (Wax bells – yellow)

pf         Phlox paniculata (Garden phlox – pink, white)

fb         Solidago flexicaulis (Zig zag goldenrod – yellow)

fb         Tovara virginiana (Virginia knotweed – tiny greenish-white flowers along wiry stems)

MAGNOLIA BEND AND WALK ON SOUTH SIDE OF STREAM

b          Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

fb         Chelone glabra (Turtlehead – white)

fb         Collinsonia canadensis (Horse balm – small yellow flowers)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

pb        Hosta ‘Royal Standard’ (Royal standard hosta – white)

pb        Hydrangea arborescens (Smooth hydrangea – white)

pb        Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf hydrangea – tan)

pf         Lobelia siphilitica (Great lobelia – blue)

pb        Phlox paniculata (Garden phlox – pink)

fb         Solidago flexicaulis (Zig zag goldenrod – yellow)

fbb       Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Aster cordifolius/Blue wood aster – blue)

fb         Tovara virginiana (Virginia knotweed – tiny greenish-white flowers along wiry stems)

GARDEN LANE-N/A

WINTERHAZEL WALK

b          Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

fb,+     Lobelia siphilitica (Great lobelia – blue, few white)

b          Solidago flexicaulis (Zig zag goldenrod – yellow)

ICEWELL TERRACE

fbb       Actaea acerina (Bugbane/fairy candles – white)

fbb       Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

fb         Collinsonia canadensis (Horse balm – small yellow flowers)

pf         Gentiana clausa (Closed gentian – dark blue)

pb        Phlox paniculata (Garden phlox – pink, white)

b          Solidago flexicaulis (Zig zag goldenrod – yellow)

fb         Tovara virginiana (Virginia knotweed – tiny greenish-white flowers along wiry stems)

PINETUM

ber       Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the-pulpit – bright red berries)

pb        Chaenomeles cultivars (Flowering quince –  red, orange)

ber       Chaenomeles cultivars (Flowering quince – yellow fruits)

pb        Erodium cicutarium (Cranesbill – pink)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

ber       Idesia polycarpa (Iigiri tree – light orange berries)

pb        Lobelia siphilitica (Great lobelia – blue, white)

ber       Malus species (Crabapple – red fruits)

fb         Oxalis species (Wood sorrel – yellow)

SUNDIAL GARDEN

fbb       Magnolia x soulangeana (Saucer magnolia – dark pink)

pb        Syringa variety (Lilac – single red-purple)

TRAFFIC CIRCLE

ber       Viburnum dilatatum ‘Xanthocarpum’ (Linden viburnum variety – yellow berries)

ENCHANTED WOODS

fb,+     Actaea acerina (Bugbane/fairy candles – white)

ber       Actaea pachypoda (Doll’s eyes – white berries)

b          Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

fb         Anemone hupehensis (Anemone – dark pink)

fb,+     Begonia grandis (Hardy begonia – white, pink)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

fb         Heuchera villosa (Hairy alum root – creamy white)

pb        Hosta ‘Royal Standard’ (Royal standard hosta – white)

pb        Hydrangea arborescens ‘Grandiflora’ (Hills of Snow hydrangea – few white + greenish to tan)

pb        Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf hydrangea – greenish, turning pink to tan)

pf         Hydrangea serrata (Mountain hydrangea – white to greenish)

fb         Kirengeshoma palmata (Wax bells – yellow)

b          Salvia koyamae (Japanese sage – yellow)

fbb       Tricyrtis variety (Toad lily – white with purple speckles)

OAK HILL-East Side

ber       Callicarpa dichotoma (Purple beautyberry – purple berries)

fb,+     Colchicum byzantium (Autumn crocus – lavender-pink with white center)

fb,+     Colchicum ‘Giant’ (Autumn crocus – lavender-pink)

pb        Daucus carota (Queen Anne’s lace – white – in meadow)

pf         Eupatorium perfoliatum (Wetlands boneset – white – at bottom of meadow)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

pf,+     Hosta lancifolia (Narrow leaf hosta – lavender)

pf         Hydrangea involucrata ‘Tama Azisai’ (Bracted hydrangea – white with blue, pink)

pf         Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal flower – red – at bottom of meadow)

fb         Polygonum hydropiperoides (Mild water-pepper – tiny white flowers – at bottom of meadow)

ber       Poncirus trifoliata (Hardy orange – fuzzy dark yellow fruits)

fb         Solidago caesia (Blue-stemmed plume goldenrod – yellow – in meadow)

b          Solidago flexicaulis (Zig zag goldenrod – yellow)

pb        Solidago graminifolia (Lance-leaved goldenrod – yellow – at bottom of meadow)

fb         Solidago juncea (Early goldenrod – yellow – in hillside meadow)

fb,+     Solidago variety (Goldenrod – yellow – at bottom of meadow)

b          Sternbergia lutea (Fall daffodil – yellow)

fb         Symphiotrichum ericoides (Aster ericoides/Heath aster – white – at bottom of meadow)

b          Symphiotrichum species (Aster – pale lavender-blue – at bottom of meadow)

b          Tovara virginiana (Virginia knotweed – tiny greenish-white flowers along wiry stems)

ber       Viburnum dilatatum ‘Xanthocarpum’ (Linden viburnum variety – yellow berries)

ber       Viburnum setigerum (Tea viburnum – orange berries turning red)

OAK HILL-West Side

b          Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

ber       Magnolia acuminata (Cucumbertree – red fuzzy cones)

fb         Tovara virginiana (Virginia knotweed – tiny greenish-white flowers along wiry stems)

ber       Viburnum setigerum (Tea viburnum – red berries)

QUARRY, ADJACENT WALKS, AND OUTLET STREAM

b          Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white)

fb         Anemone x hupehensis (Anemone cultivar – pink)

pb        Clematis heracleifolia var. davidiana (Tube clematis – blue)

fb         Collinsonia canadensis (Horse balm – small yellow flowers)

pb        Eupatorium maculatum (Joe pye weed – white to pale lavender-pink)

fb,+     Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white)

fb,+     Heuchera villosa (Hairy alum root – creamy white)

pb        Hosta ‘Royal Standard’ (Royal standard hosta – white)

fb         Ligularia sibirica var. speciosa (Ligularia – yellow)

pb        Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal flower – red)

pb        Lobelia siphilitica (Great lobelia – blue)

fb         Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose – yellow – along Quarry outlet stream)

fb,+     Rudbeckia hirta (Black-eyed susan – yellow)

b          Solidago flexicaulis (Zig zag goldenrod – yellow)

fb         Solidago variety (Goldenrod – yellow)

fb         Tovara virginiana (Virginia knotweed – tiny greenish-white flowers along wiry stems)

b          Tricyrtis variety (Toad lily – white with purple speckles)

SYCAMORE HILL

ber       Catalpa species (Catalpa – long, green, string-bean-like seed pods)

fb         Colchicum byzantium (Autumn crocus – lavender-pink with white center – small clump behind the Brick Lookout near the edge of the meadow at the English oak [Quercus rober])

ber       Cornus kousa (Kousa dogwood – ‘pebbly’ green fruits turning red)

ber       Cotoneaster salacifolia (Cotoneaster – red berries)

fb,+     Heuchera villosa (Hairy alum root – creamy white)

pf         Hydrangea paniculata ‘Grandiflora’ (Pee Gee hydrangea – pinkish-tan)

pf         Leptodermis oblonga (Chinese leptodermis – rosy lavender)

pf         Lobelia siphilitica (Great lobelia – blue)

pb        Rosa ‘Radwin’ (Winner’s Circle rose – red)

pf         Rosa species (Rose – white – around Brick Lookout)

pb        Spiraea x ‘Margaritae’ (Margarita spiraea – shades of pink)

fb         Viburnum rhytidophylloides (Leatherleaf viburnum – off-white)

ber       Viburnum setigerum (Tea viburnum – red berries)

pb        Weigela ‘Eva Rathke’ (Weigela cultivar – dark red)

pb        Weigela ‘Red Prince’ (Weigela cultivar – dark red)

WEST FRONT OF MUSEUM AND CLENNY RUN

fb         Colchicum species (Autumn crocus – lavender-pink)

fb         Heptacodium miconoides (Seven-sons tree – white – behind Museum Store)

pb        Hydrangea arborescens (Smooth hydrangea – greenish)

pb        Hydrangea macrophylla (Bigleaf hydrangea – dark rose)

pb        Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Fuji Waterfall’ (Bigleaf hydrangea cultivar – white)

pb        Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf hydrangea – dried brown – in Clenny Run at Museum bridge)

ber       Ilex ‘Winter Red’ (Winterberry holly – red berries)

fb         Impatiens capensis (Jewel weed – orange – along Clenny Run)

pf         Liriope muscari (Blue lily-turf – lavender)

fb         Liriope muscari variety (White lily-turf – white – behind Museum Store)

fb         Polygonum hydropiperoides (Mild water-pepper – tiny white flowers – along Clenny Run)

fbb       Sternbergia lutea (Fall daffodil – yellow)

pb        Viburnum rhytidophylloides (Leatherleaf viburnum – off-white – along Museum Store and at Coach House)

GREENHOUSE AREA

pb        Hemerocallis ‘Happy Returns’ (Daylily – yellow)

fb,+     Hosta lancifolia (Narrow leaf hosta – lavender)

fb,+     Lablab purpureus (Hyacinth bean vine – purple)

ber       Lablab purpureus (Hyacinth bean vine – shiny purple seed pods)

ber       Ricinus communis variety (Castor oil plant – red seed pods)

fb         Sedum spectabile variety (Stonecrop – lavender-, pink)

BACK MEADOW – Top of Sycamore Hill to back ponds

ber       Asclepias syriaca (Common milkweed – green, prickly ‘teardrops’)

pf         Brassica species (Mustard – light yellow)

pb        Carduus nutans (Nodding thistle – reddish purple)

fb         Centaurea maculata (Spotted knapweed – purple)

fb         Chelone glabra (Turtlehead – white)

pf         Cicorium intybus (Chicory – blue)

pb        Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle – pale lilac)

pf         Coronilla varia (Crown vetch – lavender-pink)

pb        Daucus carota (Queen Anne’s lace – white)

pf         Eupatorium perfoliatum (Wetlands boneset – white)

pb        Hibiscus moscheutos ‘Luna Red’ (Hardy hibiscus variety – red – 1 bloom – along Quarry outlet stream)

b          Hibiscus moscheutos ‘Luna White’ (Hardy hibiscus variety – white – along Quarry outlet stream)

fb,+     Impatiens capensis (Jewel weed – orange)

pf         Lobelia siphilitica (Great lobelia – blue)

pb        Lycopus virginicus (Bugleweed – white)

fb         Oenothera biennis (Evening primrose – yellow – along Quarry outlet stream)

ber       Phytolacca americana (Pokeweed – green berries turning purple on red stems)

fb,+     Polygonum hydropiperoides (Mild water-pepper – tiny white flowers)

pb        Silphium perfoliatum (Cup plant – yellow)

b          Solanum carolinense (Horse-nettle – white to lavender ‘stars’ with yellow center)

fb,+     Solidago caesia (Blue-stemmed plume goldenrod – yellow)

pb        Solidago graminifolia (Lance-leaved goldenrod – yellow)

fb,+     Solidago juncea (Early goldenrod – yellow)

b          Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Aster cordifolius/Blue wood aster – blue)

b          Symphiotrichum ericoides (Aster ericoides/Heath aster – white)

fb         Symphiotrichum novae-angliae (Aster novae-angliae/New England aster – purple)

fb         Symphiotrichum species (Aster – pale lavender-blue)

pb        Trifolium pratense (Red clover – reddish purple)

fb         Typha latifolia (Cattail – brown ‘hot dogs’)

GARDEN LANE MEADOW – Below Brown’s Woods

fb         Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum/White snake root – white – at edge of woods)

ber       Asclepias syriaca (Common milkweed – green, prickly ‘teardrops’)

pb        Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle – pale lilac)

pb        Coronilla varia (Crown vetch – lavender-pink)

pb        Daucus carota (Queen Anne’s lace – white)

fb         Eurybia divaricata (Aster divaricatus/White wood aster – white – along edge of woods)

fb         Gnaphalium obtusifolium (Sweet everlasting – white)

fb         Oxalis species (Wood sorrel – yellow)

ber       Phytolacca americana (Pokeweed – green berries turning purple on red stems)

fb         Pycnanthemum species (Mountain mint – green with white ‘haze’)

fb,+     Rudbeckia hirta (Black-eyed susan – yellow)

pb        Solanum carolinense (Horse-nettle – white to lavender ‘stars’ with yellow center)

ber       Solanum carolinense (Horse-nettle – yellow berries)

fb,+     Solidago caesia (Blue-stemmed plume goldenrod – yellow)

pb        Solidago graminifolia (Lance-leaved goldenrod – yellow)

fb,+     Solidago juncea (Early goldenrod – yellow)

b          Symphiotrichum ericoides (Aster ericoides/Heath aster – white)

fb         Symphiotrichum lateriflorum (Aster lateriflorus/Calico aster – white)

fb         Symphiotrichum species (Aster – pale lavender-blue)

fb         Symphiotrichum novae-angliae (Aster novae-angliae/New England aster – purple)

pb        Trifolium pratense (Red clover – reddish-purple)

 Bloom Report Presented by Pauline Myers